What is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity?

N-acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity due to its ability to replenish glutathione levels in the liver. Acetaminophen is metabolized in the liver, and in cases of overdose, the normal pathways become saturated, which leads to the accumulation of toxic metabolites that can cause severe liver damage. N-acetylcysteine acts by serving as a precursor to glutathione, which helps in the detoxification of these harmful metabolites.

Additionally, N-acetylcysteine is effective when administered within a specific time frame after ingestion of acetaminophen, usually within 8 to 10 hours. Appropriate dosing can significantly reduce the risk of liver damage and is often facilitated via intravenous or oral administration.

While activated charcoal can be used in certain cases of poisoning to absorb toxins if given shortly after ingestion of the drug, it does not specifically counteract the toxic effects of acetaminophen. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist used in overdose situations involving benzodiazepines and does not play a role in treating acetaminophen toxicity. Adrenaline (epinephrine) is utilized for anaphylactic reactions and cardiac arrest, rather than for resolving acetaminophen overdose.