What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) function by specifically targeting the serotonin system in the brain. Their primary mechanism of action involves selectively inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, a neurotransmitter, at the synaptic cleft. By blocking the serotonin transporter, SSRIs increase the availability of serotonin in the synaptic space, which enhances serotonergic transmission.

This mechanism is critical for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders, as deficiencies in serotonin levels are linked to these conditions. By preventing serotonin from being reabsorbed back into the presynaptic neuron, SSRIs help sustain higher levels of serotonin, contributing to improved mood and emotional stability.

The focus on serotonin reuptake distinguishes SSRIs from other classes of antidepressants that may affect different neurotransmitters or involve different mechanisms. Understanding this mechanism is essential for grasping how SSRIs contribute to alleviating symptoms of mood disorders and the relevance of serotonin in emotional regulation.