What is the primary use of metformin in pharmacotherapy?

Metformin is primarily used in the management of type 2 diabetes. It is an oral antihyperglycemic agent that helps to control blood glucose levels in individuals with this condition. Metformin works by decreasing hepatic glucose production, increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, and enhancing glucose uptake by muscle and fat cells. It is typically the first-line medication prescribed for type 2 diabetes due to its efficacy and relatively low risk of causing hypoglycemia compared to other diabetic medications.

This focus on managing blood glucose levels makes metformin a critical part of diabetes treatment plans, often in conjunction with lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise. Its role in the management of hypertension, heart failure, or hyperlipidemia is not primary; while there may be studies exploring the effects of metformin on these conditions, such use is not the standard indication for this medication.