What should patients be cautioned about regarding the use of NSAIDs?

Patients should be cautioned about the use of NSAIDs because they may cause gastrointestinal bleeding. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are known to inhibit the production of prostaglandins, which play a key role in maintaining the protective mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract. When this protective mechanism is impaired, the risk of developing ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding significantly increases.

This side effect is particularly important for patients who may already have risk factors for gastrointestinal issues, such as a history of ulcers, older age, or concurrent use of other medications that can exacerbate this risk, like anticoagulants or corticosteroids. Therefore, it is essential to monitor patients taking NSAIDs for any signs of gastrointestinal distress, such as abdominal pain, black or bloody stools, or unexplained weight loss, and to counsel them on the possible risks involved.